The joints are filled appropriately with the use of cement mortar so that adequate bonding should be obtained. These are roughly shaped and sized. Centre of the larger and middle curve lies below the springing line of the arch. It has a deeper depth at the crown than the springing line. The semicircular arch was followed in Europe by the pointed Gothic arch or ogive, whose centreline more closely follows the forces of compression and which is therefore stronger. The semi-elliptical arch is similarly recognized as the basket-handle arch. An arch formed with multiple rings is called a multifoil arch. Stone arches have two main categories, which include the following: Ashlar Arches Ashlar arches use stones with the proper shape, either tapered or wedge-shaped. He received a Bachelors in History from USU, with minors in Religious Studies and Anthropology. Pointed or Gothic Arch. Segmental in shape and provided over the openings . Some rock balance sculptures are in the form of an arch. 1) Flat arches:-In this arch, the intrados is apparently flat and it acts as a base of an equilateral triangle which was formed by the horizontal angle of 60 degrees by skewbacks. Those are stone, brick, concrete, steel (and concrete alternatives can be swapped in). In this arch, the center of the arc falls under the springing line of the arch. In the three-hinged arch "thermal expansion and contraction of the arch will cause vertical movements at the peak pin joint but will have no appreciable effect on the bases," which further simplifies foundational design. It is a strong arch that is able to bear heavy loads. The keystone bears almost no weight, but is the center of redirecting the weight of the structure down and outwards. The Ogee arch appears in architecture all over the world, though is quite . The arch curve is given by creating wedge-shaped joints with incredible thickness at extrados and less thickness at intrados. [15] The advantage of a pointed arch, rather than a circular one, is that the arch action produces less horizontal thrust at the base. 12.Florentine Arches: These orders include the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. This type of arches is established where high accuracy for completion is not needed. Tudor arch is also having four centers. 1. Table of Contents. Each type of arch has unique characteristics and is used in specific architectural styles. The intrados of this arch is a semicircle. Admit it, you take arches for granted. Material selection, proper The semi-elliptical arch has a form of a semi-ellipse that has either 3 or 5 centers. This carrying capacity stems from the fact that pressure downward on an arch has the effect of forcing the voussoirs together instead of apart. Each voussoir must be precisely cut so that it presses firmly against the surface of neighbouring blocks and conducts loads uniformly. The arch curve is provided by forming wedge-shaped joints with greater thickness at extrados and smaller thickness at intrados. Example of Through Arch Bridge: Hell Gate Bridge: Span: 5,151 m (16,900 feet). The interior, lower curve of the arch is called the intrados. Colosseum - This building features both rows and layers of Roman arches, which are supported by foundations that run between the layers. There are various kind of arches that differentiate according to shape, no. An arch is an important element of built environments. Many cultures used this style to evoke the same confidence and power that the Roman Empire inspired. [8] As the forces in the arch are transferred to its base, the arch pushes outward at its base, denominated "thrust". A blind arch is an arch infilled with solid construction so it cannot function as a window, door, or passageway. A series of rounded arches side by side is called an arcade. Usually a pointed arch with a band wider at the peak than at the spring. Read More: Culvert | What Is a Culvert | Types of Culvert | Culvert Meaning | Parts of Culvert. Round Archcan be defined as anarchformed in a continuous curve that has characteristics of Roman architecture. Thepointedarches are similarly identified as theGothic arch. Stilted Arch9. In masonry construction, arches have several great advantages over horizontal beams, or lintels. Some blind arches were originally built as open arches and . The major purpose of the Relieving arch is to give greater strength. The Rock brick arches are generally wedged in form. The emperor was not truly victorious until he had passed through the arch and formally returned to Rome. This is the basic type of arch used for buildings in which the Centre of the arch lies below the springing line. Intrados of this arch is lesser than a semicircle. This architectural feature compresses weight down and outwards while creating open space. A point forms at the apex of the arch. One of the earliest buildings to combine these elements into a coherent style was the abbey of Saint-Denis, Paris (c. 113544). Arch construction depends essentially on the wedge. Reed Hepler received an M.L.I.S. Five-Centered Arches. 348 lessons. Monolithic concrete block arches are suitable for larger spans. Two arcs for the shoulders start the curve with their center on the springing line.Inflexed ArchAn inflexed arch is an arch that is formed by two arcs curving towards inward or downward. The ancient Romans learned the arch from the Etruscans, refined it and were the first builders in Europe to tap its full potential for above ground buildings: The Romans were the first builders in Europe, perhaps the first in the world, to fully appreciate the advantages of the arch, the vault and the dome.[30]. For the construction of the gauged brick arches, skilled craftsmanship was required. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Arches may fall when the frame is removed if design or construction has been faulty. Center of the arc lies on the horizontal line above the vertical components where the curve starts. Arches are similarly utilized as anArchitectural elementthat will enable to increase in the aesthetical view of thestructure. One of the most culturally important forms of Roman arch is the triumphal arch, an arch made for ceremonial purposes, such as celebrating military victories or the completion of a bridge. This Technical Notes is an introduction to brick masonry arches. It is best known for its large religious temples built in stone, designed from principles of order . A catenary curve is a U-shaped arc that follows the form of a freely hanging cord or chain, supported only from two fixed ends. These will give a good appearance because of the exact shape and size. View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. One answer is to build a frame (historically, of wood) which exactly follows the form of the underside of the arch. Occasionally these are also utilized as relieving arches up to a depth of 37.5 cm, but these are established in one ring. This was extremely important in the development of Rome. Offered in eight varying finishes, this collection is designed to harmonize with various cabinet styles and finishes. It uses a curve to span a space between two points. The Roman arch is largely responsible for the expansion of infrastructure across the Roman Empire. This architectural element was particularly important in Gothic architecture.The earliest use of a pointed arch dates back to bronze-age Nippur.As a structural feature, it was first used in Islamic architecture, but in the 12th century it . For other uses of, "Key stone" redirects here. 6. The center of the stilted arches on a straight line. The pointed arches or gothic arches or lancet arches come under the category of two-centered arches. Late Gothic (15th-century) architecture reached its height in Germanys vaulted hall churches. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. An arch is a vertical curved structure that spans an elevated space and may or may not support the weight above it,[1] or in case of a horizontal arch like an arch dam, the hydrostatic pressure against it. Early Christian Architecture: Examples, History & Characteristics. The shape of the arch looks like a semi-circle. Made up of rectangular brick that is not cut into a wedge shape. Aqueducts required a consistent, gradual slope so that the water could flow through them naturally. The Nippur Arch, The American Journal of Archaeology and of the History of the Fine Arts, vol. Pointed Shape Arch2. In reinforced concrete construction, the principle of the arch is used so as to benefit from the concrete's strength in resisting compressive stress. The Romans, by contrast, used the semicircular arch in bridges, aqueducts, and large-scale architecture. [33][34][35] Therefore, the only surviving examples of architecture from the Han Dynasty (202BC 220AD) are rammed earth defensive walls and towers, ceramic roof tiles from no longer existent wooden buildings,[36][37][38] stone gate towers,[39][40] and underground brick tombs that, although featuring vaults, domes, and archways, were built with the support of the earth and were not free-standing. The system uses tiles that are interlocked and follow the curved surface of the roof. I: Schlumberger, Daniel (1983), "Parthian Art", in Yarshater, Ehsan. Lancet Arch17. Because it is subject to additional internal stress from thermal expansion and contraction, this kind of arch is considered statically indeterminate. The Extrados in the Flat arches is straight and Flat. Unlike many other architectural arches, the ogee arch is purely ornamental. Rampant ArchA rampant arch is an arch where supports of both ends of the arch is not same. Arches are valued for their strength, versatility, and aesthetic appeal, and continue to be a widely used feature in contemporary architecture. It was constructed as a masterpiece to celebrate the westward expansion of America. It allowed the Romans to make bigger buildings, longer roads, and better aqueducts. The outer, upper curve of the arch is called the extrados. These arches are built with ordinary bricks, which are not in wedge shape . Arches, Vaults, and Domes", "METALS AND METALLURGY IN THE HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION", "Teotihuacan ruins explored by a robot, AP report in the Christian Science Monitor, 12 November 2010", Paper about the three-hinged arch of the Galerie des Machines of 1889, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arch&oldid=1127713478, This page was last edited on 16 December 2022, at 07:21. John P. Peters, University of Pennsylvania Excavations at Nippur. [citation needed] The interior and lower line or curve of an arch is known as the intrados. Lancet ArchA lancet arch is an arch that is formed by two curves with their two centers on the springing line but far beyond the springing points making the arch opening narrow and acutely pointed as a spear. The Romans were the first who invented the segmental arch. An arch is an architectural form that controls the pressure from the weight of a building in a specific way . We're going to outline 33 different types of arches to ensure you can recognize them the next time you spot them. Springing line of an arch, also known as the spring of an arch, is the horizontal line drawn between the ends from where the arch starts. Meanwhile, centers of the two larger arcs lie below the spring line of the arch. A triumphal arch is constructed to commemorate an achievement and triumph. Triumphal arches were absolutely massive. Semi-Circular Arch6. The intrados of this arch is more curved than a semicircle. Stilted Arch consists of a semi-circular arch with. The forms, along with the "strongly expressed ribs at the vault intersections, were dominant architectural features of Gothic cathedrals. Grew this Professional Architectural Firm from 1 to 7 employees, served as Architect-Of-Record for projects with construction values from $5,000 to over $400-million, both new and renovation, with . [11] It is most often used for spans of medial length, such as those of roofs of large buildings. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The rib vault, flying buttress, and pointed (Gothic) arch were . This kind of arch is thus not subject to additional stress from thermal change. These are constructed with conventional bricks without cutting to the shape of voussoirs. An arch is a structure constructed in curved shape with wedge shaped units (either bricks or stones), which are jointed together with mortar, and provided at openings to support the weight of the wall above it along with other superimposed loads. One of these is the keystone. Ogee Arch: Types & Examples. Horseshoe Shape Arch3. In the case of relieving arch, we can replace the decayed wooden lintel easily without disturbing the stability of the structure. Semi-Elliptical Arch8. from IUPUI, with emphases in Digital Curation and Archives Management. This is generally considered for architectural provisions. Two sets of arcs make a point where they meet. It is constructed above a flat arch or on a wooden lintel to provide greater strength. Flat Arch4. An arch whose intrados is half an ellipse. It has four centres. In most cases they did not use mortar, relying simply on the precision of their stone dressing. The Curves surface creates 2 Center Points. The masonry arch is one of the oldest structural elements. Arches have been a major part of architecture and construction since antiquity and have developed through historical eras. Semi Elliptical Arch. The three main types of Moorish architectural arches are the horseshoe arch, the polylobed . Cement mortar is utilized in the construction of brick arches. A through the arch is one where the upper deck is found at the spring line of the arch. It is a one-centered arch. Vaults began to be used for roofing large interior spaces such as halls and temples, a function that was also assumed by domed structures from the 1st century BC onwards. The stone arches are similarly sub-classified into two types which are as follows. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. He also earned a Certificate in Museum Studies. So, it looks unattractive. It includes four centers, all placed on the springing line. For instance, round, flat and pointed arches are all types of arches classified by shape. A parabola is a curve that follows the path of an object thrown in the air and fallen on the ground. Sometime, a perfectly circular arch known as a. The external thrust rises as the height, or rise, of the arch declines. Therefore not recommended for exposed brickworks. Arches may rest on light supports, however, when they occur in a row, because the thrust of one arch counteracts the thrust of its neighbours, and the system remains stable as long as the arches at either end of the row are buttressed. 5. Six basic arch styles | Building Construction A roman arch which is also known as a semi-circular arch. Center of two arcs lie above the springing line of the arch. Joints of arches are of uniform thickness. Ancient Romans are known to have first developed the segmental arches in bridge construction. An arch is an architectural form that controls the pressure from the weight of a building in a specific way. In ancient China, most architecture was wooden, including the few known arch bridges from literature and one artistic depiction in stone-carved relief. Rubble Arches New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. For other uses, see. Romans in the first centuries BC discovered how to use arches in the construction of bridges, aqueducts and buildings. An arch is an architectural feature that creates open space by compressing weight down and outwards. Pointed Shape Arch2. In the 12th13th century, feats of engineering permitted increasingly gigantic buildings. For an arch higher than head height, scaffolding would be required, so it could be combined with the arch support. Venetian arch and Tudor arch is a typical examples of this type of arches. Both the arcs join together to form a pointed edge. Of all forms of arch, the parabolic arch produces the most thrust at the base yet can span the greatest distances. Location: New . The Ashlar stones are similarly utilized in the construction of the Flat arches. Modern arches of steel, concrete, or laminated wood are highly rigid and lightweight, so that the horizontal thrust against the supports is small; this thrust can be further reduced by stretching a tie between the ends of the arch. Types of Arches in this category are as follows. A four-centred arch is a low, wide type of arch with a pointed apex. Two courses of rings in header and stretcher form. Corrections? The 2,359 sq. This Jeffrey Alexander pull is available in four standard pull lengths, 12" appliance handle and coordinating ringed mushroom knob. Tudor arch is also having four centers. Central points of the smaller arcs at the ends lie on the springing line. Read More: What Is a Porch | 15 Types of Porch used for Home. It is a type of an elliptical arch. So what's so special about an arch? The bricks are manufactured, matching the exact shape and size of voussoirs, to get very fine workmanship. This establishes them as largely stable and productive, capable of larger spans and supporting considerable loads than horizontal beams. There is another type of rampant arch that is round rampant arch. While the form of arches changed throughout time, the idea of the arch still significantly affected other cultures. Arch Types & Examples in Architecture | What is a Pointed Arch in Architecture? It is usually made by the formation of two arcs with different radius on each side. Centre of arch lies on the horizontal line through the tops of vertical portions. It is also a one-centered arch. [54], Since it is a pure compression form, the arch is useful because many building materials, including stone and unreinforced concrete, can resist compression, but are weak when tensile stress is applied to them (ref: similar to the AL-Karparo [8:04]).[55]. These three orders were adopted by the Romans in the 1st century BC. Centered Arches14. The center stone at the top of the arch is called the keystone, and it is the piece that locks the arch in its shape and forces the compression of stress. Parabolic arches were introduced in construction by the Spanish architect Antoni Gaud, who admired the structural system of the Gothic style, but for the buttresses, which he termed "architectural crutches". The Monolithic concrete arches were initially utilized for longer spans. [20] Rare exceptions are an arched mudbrick home doorway dated to circa 2000BC from Tell Taya in Iraq[21] and two Bronze Age arched Canaanite city gates, one at Ashkelon (dated to c. 1850 BC),[22] and one at Tel Dan (dated to c. 1750 BC), both in modern-day Israel. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Width of the springing line of this arch is equal to the diameter of the semicircle and rise is equal to the radius. Not only did the arch become a prominent feature of state buildings, but it was a cheap way for average people to build stronger and better homes for themselves as well. A flat arch is generally the weakest arch. When these four-centered arches are lower and depressed in form, they are called the Tudor arches. Evident in both entrances and interiors, Islamic arches are categorized into four main styles: pointed, ogee, horseshoe, and multifoil. An arch compresses the stress from weight downwards and outwards, creating a stronger structure that can have wide open spaces. Arches are typically made of stone, brick, or concrete, and are held in place by a combination of gravity and lateral forces. There are two types of horseshoe arches such as rounded horseshoe arch and pointed horseshoe arch. The ends of this arch should be carried sufficiently into the abutments. Arches are self-supporting, balanced by the force of gravity conducting on their weight to carry them in compression. Flat Arch. [9] In order to preserve arch action and prevent collapse of the arch, the thrust must be restrained, either by internal ties or external bracing, such as abutments. The Roman arch is the ancestor of modern architecture. Its curved surface is responsible for creating two numbers of center points its shape is as shown in the figure. Three-centered ArchA three-centered arch is an arch that is formed by three arcs with three centers. This type of arch is recognized as a Syrian arch. Slited Arch. These types of arches contain four centers. The formation of the gauged brick arches needed experienced workmanship for its construction. center, material, and others. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. The Romans learned the arch from the Etruscans of Tuscany and were the first people in the world to really figure out how to use it. The precast concrete blocks are available in the accurate shape and sizes which are needed for the construction of the arches. The voussoirs are made of the full thickness of the arch. The choice of arch depends on the functional and aesthetic requirements of a building, as well as the building materials and techniques available at the time of construction. American Museum of Natural History, New York, The Romans created arches to build bigger, stronger, and more expansive architecture, The central feature of an arch is the keystone, which distributes the weight through the arch by forcing the compression of stress downward and outward, Roman arches are visible throughout the former Roman empire, in bridges, aqueducts, and buildings, Recall how an arch functions and the role of the keystone, Discuss how the arch was used by the Romans, citing examples. This form and the elliptical arch had great value in bridge engineering because they permitted mutual support by a row of arches, carrying the lateral thrust to the abutments at either end of a bridge. The segmental arch was first built by the Romans who realized that an arch in a bridge did not have to be a semicircle,[31][32] such as in Alcontar Bridge or Ponte San Lorenzo. Romans also incorporated arches into their buildings. The arch allowed ancient builders to make larger, more complex buildings that could hold more space and people. Rounded horseshoe arch has a circular or rounded top formed by one arc with a single center. Arches stood over the official entrances and exits to the city at its important roads. The Flat arch is normally utilized for the construction of light-load structures. On one side support is at high level while on the other side it is lower. This is sometimes denominated "arch action". It is a semi-circular arch that diverts pressure, through use of a keystone, down into the ground. Other late Gothic styles include the British Perpendicular style and the French and Spanish Flamboyant style. 11.Venetian arches types: Venetian arches have pointed arches but its crown is darker than that of the spring which has 4 centres, all situated on the springing line. The first attempt at the A85 bridge at Dalmally, Scotland suffered this fate, in the 1940s. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Two Centered Arches15. The Gupta era arch vault system was later used extensively in Burmese Buddhist temples in Pyu and Bagan in 11th and 12th centuries. The Roman arch is a significant element of the architecture of Rome. Arches are compressive structures, which is why there are no tensile stresses. The thickness is around 15 cm for the arches up to 3 m spans. An arch is a pure compression form. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. The Romans used arches with circular tops, called rounded arches, which were made of stone. The key to the round arch is the keystone, which completes the arch and allows the arch to self-supporting. Triumphal ArchA triumphal arch is a monumental structure that is free standing and is formed as an arched entrance, an archway, having one or more passageways. Brick archesare one of thepopular typesof arches that are utilized inconstruction. Surrounding the arches are elaborate, impressive carvings that illustrate the military exploits of Constantine. The Five center arches possess a total of five centers and it enables getting a decent semi-elliptical shape. [13] Ancient Roman builders relied heavily on the rounded arch to span great lengths. [4][5][6][7] It can span a large area by resolving forces into compressive stresses, and thereby eliminating tensile stresses. Receive product news and updates in your inbox, Designing Classrooms Differently to Encourage Collaboration, Dutch Architecture: Exploring Amsterdam's Wonky Wonders, Deconstructivist Architect Rem Koolhaas & Organic Architect Santiago Calatrava, Life of a French Swiss Modern Architect Le Corbusier. Roman arch The Roman arch or the classical arch is the most well-known arch design and is commonly used. Background: Studies based on molecular testing of oral/nasal swabs underestimate SARS-CoV-2 infection due to issues with test sensitivity, test timing and selection bias. Hence, the vertical supports, or posts, upon which an arch rests must be massive enough to buttress the thrust and conduct it into the foundation (as in Roman triumphal arches). An arch is used to create an opening within a structure or wall space and supports the . which resulted in the architects being able to incorporate many different architectural styles. 1.1 A Brief History of Roman Architecture; . The curve in an arch may be semicircular, segmental (consisting of less than one-half of a circle), or pointed (two intersecting arcs of a circle); noncircular curves can also be used successfully. Semi-circular Arch Segmental Arch Semi elliptical arch Flat Arch Two centered Arch Equilateral arch Lancet arch Venetian arch Three centered arch ogee arch Drop arch Entasis Architecture & Examples | What is Entasis? They are, Rubble arches Rubble arches are very weak and used only for inferior work. Rock formations may form natural arches through erosion, rather than being carved or constructed. It is also known as the half-through arch bridge. Relieving Arch. [58], Depressed Tudor arch on Layer Marney Tower in Essex, England, Blind arches on the Church of San Tirso in Sahagn, Len, Spain, Washington Square Arch, a triumphal arch in Greenwich Village, Manhattan, New York City, Delicate Arch, a natural arch in Arches National Park near Moab, Utah, A rock balance sculpture in the form of an arch, Medial longitudinal arch of the human foot (Gray's Anatomy), Restored Canaanite city gate of Ashkelon, Ashkelon, Israel (2014), Reconstructed Ishtar Gate of Babylon in the Pergamon Museum, Berlin (2014), Taq Kasra (Archway of Ctesiphon), Salman Pak, Iraq (1864), Arch of Augustus, Rimini, Emilia-Romagna, Italy (2015), Arch of Constantine, Rome, commemorating a victory by Constantine I in 312 AD (2007), The Arc de Triomphe, Paris; a 19th-century triumphal arch modelled on the classical Roman design (1998), Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch in the Grand Army Plaza, Brooklyn, New York City (2007), Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri; a monument based on a catenary arch (2011), The Theme Building at Los Angeles International Airport, California, Pont Flavien over the River Touloubre in Saint-Chamas, Bouches-du-Rhne, France (2008), Old stone bridge in Kerava, Finland (2011), Bridge of Seonamsa Temple, Suncheon, South Jeolla Province, South Korea (1979), Grosvenor Bridge over the River Dee in Chester, Cheshire, England, UK (2007), Union Arch Bridge carrying the Washington Aqueduct and MacArthur Boulevard (formerly named Conduit Road) in Cabin John, Montgomery County, Maryland (2008), Anji Bridge over the Xiaohe River, Hebei Province, China (2007), The dry stone bridge, so called Porta Rosa (4th century BC), in Elea, Province of Salerno, Campania, Italy (2005), Pont du Gard, a Roman aqueduct in Vers-Pont-du-Gard, Gard, France (2014), Bridge in esk Krumlov, Czech Republic (2004), Rialto Bridge over the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy (2011), Pont de Bercy over the River Seine, Paris, carrying the Paris Mtro on its upper deck and a boulevard extension on its lower deck (2006), Arlington Memorial Bridge over the Potomac River in Washington, D.C. (2007), Francis Scott Key Bridge over the Potomac River in Washington, D.C. (2006), Woodrow Wilson Memorial Bridge carrying Interstate 95 (I-95) and the Capital Beltway over the Potomac River between Alexandria, Virginia and Oxon Hill, Maryland (2007), Arrbida Bridge over the Douro River connecting Porto, and Vila Nova de Gaia, in the Norte Region, Portugal (2011), Rainbow Bridge over the Niagara River connecting Niagara Falls, New York and Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada (2012), Tyne Bridge over the River Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK (2004), Hell Gate Bridge over the East River, New York City, Sydney Harbour Bridge, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (2010), Ludendorff Bridge over the Rhine River, Remagen, Germany, showing damage before collapse during the Battle of Remagen in World War II (1945), Lianxiang bridge over the Xiang River, Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China (2007), Zhivopisny Bridge over the Moskva River, Moscow, Russia (2009), Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge over the Trinity River in Dallas, Texas (2012), Juscelino Kubitschek Bridge crossing Parano Lake, Braslia, Brazil (2007), Gateshead Millennium Bridge over the River Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK (2005), Arch supporting the Eiffel Tower, Paris (2015), The second Wembley Stadium in London, built in 2007 (2007), The first San Mams Stadium, in Bilbao, arch built in 1953, demolished 2013 (2013), St Pancras railway station, London (2011), Train shed in St Pancras railway station, London (2010), Train shed in Victoria Station, London (2006), Lucerne railway station, Switzerland (2010), Central railway station, Frankfurt, Germany (2008), Train shed in Central railway station, Frankfurt, Germany (2005), Arches in Main Concourse, Grand Central Terminal, Manhattan, New York City (2014), Interior arches in Washington Union Station, Washington, D.C. (2006), Arches in Great Hall, Chicago Union Station, Chicago, Illinois (2010), Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin, Germany (2011), Stonework arches seen in a ruined stonework building Burg Lippspringe, Germany (2005), Arches in the Casa-Museo del Libertador Simn Bolvar in Havana, Cuba (2006)[59], Arches in dining hall at Kings College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England (2007), Arches inside Annenberg Hall, Memorial Hall, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (2016), Healy Hall, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. (2009), Arches in throne room of Neuschwanstein Castle, Bavaria, Germany (1886 photochrom print), Arches in the Court of the Lions, Alhambra, Granada, Andalusia, Spain (2012), External arches in the Court of the Myrtles, Alhambra, Granada, Andalusia, Spain (2009), Arches inside the North Gallery, Court of the Myrtles, Alhambra, Granada, Andalusia, Spain (2010), Arches in the nave of the church in monastery of Alcobaa, Portugal (2008), North facade of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France (2008), Arches in choir of Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France (2013), Arches in nave of Westminster Abbey, City of Westminster, London (2006), Arches inside the Washington National Cathedral, Washington, D.C. (2005), Interior arches in St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City (2009), Arches inside the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey (1983), Arches inside the western upper gallery, Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey (2007), Interior arches in the Masjid al-Haram, Mecca, Saudi Arabia (2008), Roof of Masjid al-Haram, Mecca, Saudi Arabia (2008), Dome of the Rock, Old City of Jerusalem (2010), Arches inside the Dome of the Rock, Old City of Jerusalem (2014), Arches in the Shahi Mosque, Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan (2016), Taj Mahal in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India (2009), The Great Gate (Darwaza-i-rauza): Entrance to grounds of Taj Mahal, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India (2004), Arches inside the Taj Majal, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, Arches in Main Reading Room, Thomas Jefferson Building, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (2009), Arches in Great Hall, Thomas Jefferson Building, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (2007), Art Deco arches on Chrysler Building, Manhattan, New York City (2005), New York Public Library Main Branch, Manhattan, New York City (2016), Arches inside the entrance of New York Public Library Main Branch, Manhattan, New York City (2012), Arches in Great Hall, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Manhattan, New York City (2012), Arches in Sculpture Gallery, West Building, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (2007), Arches inside the Legion of Honor, Lincoln Park, San Francisco, California (2010), Arches near the Jordan Staircase, Winter Palace, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia (2015), Arches in Pavilion Hall, Small Hermitage, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia (2015), Arches in Salle du Mange, Louvre Palace, Paris (2007), Arches in Galerie des Batailles, Palace of Versailles, Versailles, Yvelines, France (2013), Arches in Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles, Versailles, Yvelines, France (2011), Arches in Westminster Hall, Palace of Westminster, City of Westminster, London (2011), Arches in St. Stevens Hall, Palace of Westminster, City of Westminster, London (2007), Horseshoe arch inside the Aljafera Palace, Zaragoza, Spain (2004), Multifoil arches inside the Aljafera Palace, Zaragoza, Spain (2004), Catenary arches inside the Casa Mil in Barcelona, Spain by Antoni Gaud (2010}, Rajasthani style arches inside the 16th-century City Palace, Udaipur, India (2013), Main faade of the Itamaraty Palace in Braslia, Brazil, decorated with many arches (2005), Arches inside the National Building Museum (formerly Pension Building), Washington, D.C. (2007), Front entrance of the Old Post Office Building in Washington, D.C. (2006), Arches inside the Old Post Office Building in Washington, D.C. (2009), Bankstown Reservoir, Bankstown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (2018), Crypt of the Popes in the Catacomb of Callixtus, Rome (2007), Chinese Eastern Han Dynasty (25220 AD) tomb chamber, Luoyang (2008), Entrance to Washington family tomb at Mount Vernon, Fairfax County, Virginia (2014), Natural Bridge in Rockbridge County, Virginia (2014), Jiangzhou Natural Bridge, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (2012), Landscape Arch, Arches National Park, Utah (2016), Double O Arch, Arches National Park, Utah (2007), Aloba Arch, Ennedi-Est Region, Chad (2015), Shipton's Arch, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (2011), Darwin's Arch, Galpagos Archipelago, Pacific Ocean (2006), Shah Abbas Arch Dam (Tagh E Shah Abbas), Tabas County, South Khorasan Province, Iran (2011), Hoover Dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, Clark County, Nevada and Mohave County, Arizona (2017), El Atazar Dam on the Lozoya River near Madrid, Spain (2014), This article is about the architectural construct.
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