Describes the labor policy of South Africa in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. In West Virginia's colliers, miners were paid 49 cents per ton of clean coal, compared with 76 cents in the unionized mines of Ohio. U.S. coal mining employment change by state Q4 2011-Q4 2016 ; Source: Shows the earnings per hour and week for sawmill workers over a 20 year period. Describes the labor policy of Great Britain in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. Source: BLS, Shows the average wages for an 8 hour work day in Riga within various industry groups. To view an issue of interest, select it from the list and click View. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of foodstuffs and other necessities throughout different areas of Denmark such as Copenhagen. Prices are shown in Hungarian crowns. Survey covered only white families over a certain. Source: BLS, Shows the average pay for a 48 hour week throughout 5 different industries in Milan. After a temporary escape to attend grammar school, it was the world he reentered in 1900 as an eighteen-year-old man willing and able to load coal for a miners pay. One threat the animals and birds could detect was the odor of gas that oozed from the ancient vegetation compacted over the ages. Taken from the 1921 U.S. Department of Agriculture Yearbook, starting on page 804. Published by the National Industrial Conference Board. Fearful of the danger, frightened by the blackest darkness he could imagine, and repelled by the coal dust that clung to him like a layer of skin, Washington vowed to get an education and rise out of the coal pits, just as he had risen up from slavery.. Includes breakouts for adults and. Published 1921. Salary data for judges inNY, PA, NJ and CT. An experienced miner would often work calmly under conditions that would terrify a novice, wrote a veteran of the bituminous mines. 7-8 in: Extensive, 219-page report published in the Bureau of Labor StatisticsBulletin no. Keep your hand upon the dollar, . Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (July 1930). Source: Click "more" for direct links to each occupation. Handkerchiefs, slippers, watches, umbrellas, hair brushes and combs, Christmas decorations. Link navigates to a record containing multiple years worth of this publication. A good blast could bring down a ton or more of coal from the fractured face. Source: BLS, Shows clothes prices paid by working class families in Great Britain. Most trapper boys learned how to overcome their fears by watching and listening to the colliers who went underground with them. Wages are shown in Brazilian milreis. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. Calvin & Hobbes creator Bill Watterson is back. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of various foodstuffs in 10 large German cities. Details the price of clothing for men, women, boys and girls on pp. Time became important to managers as they changed their labor model. This was the room and pillar method of mining common in the Appalachian bituminous coalfields. The workday ended at 5:30 in the evening when the sunlight had already faded over the mountains. A room in the Pocahontas seam could be more than 10 feet high, while workplaces in the Kanawha and New River seams often were no taller than four feet. His salary was paid entirely by coal companies. Meal time was cold, cramped, and wet. Prices are shown in Spanish pesetas. Under these terms, a hard worker could earn $2.00 for ten to twelve hours of labor, if the work was steady. Source: BLS. See quartile, "Women in Alabama industries: a study of hours, wages and working conditions," Women's Bureau Bulletin #34 (. See table 164 for average annual wage. Its an era of company town labor we are not likely to see return as automation and renewable energy continue to render these kinds of occupations obsolete. Dollars. Source: BLS. Wages are shown in Spanish pesetas. Some New York City teacher and principal salaries are shown on the following page in Table 42. Wages are shown in both Francs and contemporary US dollars. Before the 1930s, many boys worked in mines. MORE PRICES in the U.S. Even in a good week, there was unpaid work to perform: propping up newly opened rooms with wooden posts, laying track to his room, and lowering the floor of the main tunnel so loaded coal cars could pass through. University of Missouri, Columbia From, Average monthly wages by state,with and without board. Shows pay tables based on years of service,for Army and Navygenerals, admirals, colonels, lieutenants, captains, ensigns, etc. Wages are shown in both contemporary Yen and US dollars. By 1910, more Italian immigrants lived in McDowell County than anywhere else in the state. Wages are shown in Austrian kronen. Retail prices for brick, cement, lumber of various kinds, window glass, shingles, nails and more. Coal mining wages - Illinois, 1920. Wage rates by occupation in foreign countries (sometimes just to a certain city in the foreign country), assembled for easy comparison to U.S. wage rates for the same occupations. Expressed in dollars and also as a percentage of the property value. Source: Chicago Commission on Race Relations report. Source: BLS, Shows the cost of various foodstuffs in the Riga markets. HEALTH CARE The study pays particular attention to women who made less than the average wage. Shows wage data by manufacturing categories for 1914, 1919, 1921, and 1923. Source: Shows pay for state carpenters, stage electricians, props men, show directors, agents, ushers and more. Shows salaries for sevenoccupations inpolice departments of 25American cities. Appalachian coal production has been on shaky ground almost since the industrys inception in the mid 19th century. Source: One-page table shows 80 years of average retail prices for bread, milk, eggs and other common food items. Source: BLS, Shows the hourly, daily, and weekly earnings in Milan for various industries. (Jack Corn/EPA) A ppalachian coal production has been on shaky ground almost since the industry's inception in the mid 19th century. The mine foreman was legally responsible for safety. Source: Lists costs of running a farm, including costs of power, labor, insurance, interest on loans, etc. Includes the states of RI, NJ, OH, DE, OK, MO, GA, TN, AR, KY, SC, AL and MS. Without a match he walked, hands held in front of his body, until, by chance, someone found him and gave him a light. 525. Shows wages and hours for union bricklayers, building laborers, carpenters, cement finishers,hod carriers, inside wiremen, painters, plasterers, plumbers, stonecutters and more. Data available for additional years inMissouri Farm Census by Counties, Missouri State Dept of Agriculture. Watch the rocks, theyre falling daily, This series of tables shows the wage distribution and average weekly wages of a variety of industries and occupations in Missouri in 1921. Between 12th and 14th Streets Sporting goods:
In 1907, West Virginia appointed John Nugent as superintendent of immigration. Workers focused on the pace of work, safety, and wages. for rural households in the U.S. and selected foreign countries. Source: Shows the daily or monthly wages of 13 occupations in the treaty port. Source: U.S. Dept. Source: BLS, Shows the hourly and weekly earnings of industrial wages in Romanian leu. After checking in, they climbed up a steep trail from the office to the portal of a mine. That the presidents persistent nostalgia for a yesteryear America had such visceral effect on rural voters only betrays the entrenched anxiety of a region where decline is a multi-generational way of life. Source: BLS, Shows the retail prices of food and commodities in various cities throughout south Manchuria. Work clothes, work shirts, dress shirts, dress pants, trousers, vests, suits, dress gloves, overcoats, winter coats, fur caps and collars, neck ties, belts and suspenders, caps and hats, nightwear, socks, shoes, boots, pocket knives, pocket watches, toupes, razors, smoking pipes. Wages are shown in Sweden kronor. Wages are shown in yen. The lawmakers apparently agreed with West Virginias Republican governor, G. W. Atkinson, who said in 1901: It is but the natural course of mining events that men should be injured and killed by accidents.. Wages are shown in French francs. Source: U.S. Dept of Agriculture. In some cases, when a shot backfired out of the hole, it ignited coal dust or gas in the miners room and sent fire bursting into the main tunnel, where it could burn or suffocate the mules and their drivers passing through. Constitution Avenue, NW Source: BLS, Shows the average retail prices of staple foodstuffs in Madrid, Spain. of Agriculture report. Source: Lists minimum and maximum daily wages for male and female workers. Tells cost of public transportation and railway fares as well. Here Are the Best Reviewed Books of the Month. Provides detailed breakouts by occupation. Source: This calculator can be used to determine the historical purchasing power of currency in the United Kingdom from 1270 to 2017. "The sum of $4,000 will buy only a very modest home and even then it will have to be in one of the smaller citiesor in a remote suburb of a large city." Source: U.S. Congressional Serial Set Vol. Lists wages paid to auto mechanics, office workers, window cleaners, barbers and hairdressers, bartenders in saloons, domestic servants, people working in social agencies, and more. After the top fell, they returned to break and load the fallen coal before another layer of the top came crashing down with a tremendous roar. Wages are shown in both German marks and contemporary U.S. dollars. Some occupations covered include telephone operators, waitresses, hotel maids, chambermaids, elevator girls, laundry workers, retail clerks, and factory workers in the wood working industry. In 1923, there were about 883,000 coal miners; today there are about 53,000. The lack of market for coal during the depression had stepped in to push aside both miners and operators as principals in collective bargaining. HOUSING, FARMS and UTILITIES Source: BLS, Shows the average wages of Spanish agricultural workers in different cities. Table 26 shows wages for laborers with board for every year from 1780-1937; the, In the 1920s, people could sell their blood to hospitals for$35-50 perquart. Source: 1934 Statistical Abstract of the United States. The following two tables shows the average daily earnings of industrial and building workers by occupation as well as in Moscow, Leningrad, and the Ural mountain region. Retreat mining was a risky business, but at least the miners engineered these cave-ins. The mine operators assumed that if they paid a worker according to the number of tons he loaded, they would foster a competitive climate underground; and in a sense, the tonnage system worked this way. Wages shown in contemporary US dollars. Managements steam whistle now set the times. Source: Shows wages, hours and earnings for mechanics, pipe fitters, welders, tinsmiths derrick men, drillers, firemen, engineers and more. The need to correct these abuses led the UMWA to demand the employment of a check-weigh man whom the miners could trust. Also shows the averagecost to rent farm landor pastures by the acre, by county. Wages are shown in 1930 US dollars. Source: U.S. BLS Bulletin, no. Expressed in pounds, shillings, and pence. All of these mines included a main entry, or portal, and a second tunnel, or monkey drift, which provided workers with ventilationa barely adequate suction through a surface grate created by a coal fire that burned all day. Careless miners always fail. Source:Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis. Shows monthly wages based on the ocean routes traveled: San Francisco to points west, and New York City to points south and east. Few words meant more to mine workers than manliness, a quality that connoted dignity, respectability, defiant egalitarianism, and patriarchal male supremacy, in the words of historian David Montgomery. Despite significant danger, miners received little compensation for injuries. In the words of the popular song Miners Lifeguard, written by a miner from Oak Hill, West Virginia: A miners life is like a sailors, Shows wages and prices in kronen, along with the exchange rate to translate into U.S. dollars. The carpenters, mechanics, mule skinners, and other mine employees, who enjoyed no such latitude, were known by pit-face miners as company men. By contrast, the pit-face miners saw themselves as autonomous workmen who labored for themselves as well as for the company. "The fees and cost of books, instruments, board, room, laundry and incidentals will hardly be less than $400 per session of thirty-two weeks." Source: U.S. Dept of Labor, Compares affordability of food and consumer goods from one year to the next and provides price. Mostly covers manufacturing industries (tobacco was prominent), but there is some data for women who worked in mercantile stores, 5-and10-cent stores, and in laundries. Source: BLS. Board a ship to cross the wave; $15 - $30. Fixtures, chamberpots, bathroom soaps, towels, toilet paper. Covers New York City, New Jersey towns, Fall River MA, Cleveland, Chicago, Dallas, San Francisco and Portland OR. Wages are shown in German marks. Source: BLS Monthly Labor Review (September 1932). Source: BLS, Shows the average daily wages and hours of a variety of occupations in Madrid. Engineers working for Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Co. used this model to visualize the coal seams and design their mines. Source: U.S. Federal Trade Commission report. Mentions the wages paid to both skilled and unskilled workers in francs. A trapper like Frank had to pay close attention to his duties, opening and closing the doors regularly to keep the air moving and to allow coal cars to pass back and forth. Covers elementary, junior high, and high school teachers in American cities with populations of 2,500 or more. 2-4. by RACE Three decades earlier a boy about the same agea newly emancipated slavehad worked in the same minefield. Montgomery Ward catalog shows prices of radios and radio supplies on 60+ pages. This Farmers' Bulletin, Cost of Using Horses on Corn-Belt Farms, goes into great detail about the costs of keeping work horses, including a. Wages are shown in Czech krone. 407. Compares wage rates and hours of work for the WWI and WWII eras, focusing specifically on the manufacturing, mining, railroad, printing and maritime industries, as well as farm labor wages. Frank Keeney left no account of how he felt the day he entered the mine portal, but one imagines the dread that might have accompanied a ten-year-old boys first trip into the hole. Wages are shown in Spanish pesetas. Conversely, a dollar earned in 1928 had the same buying power as abut $15 in the year 2020. Another statute required employers to hire pit bosses to examine every working place in the mine, but only as often as practicable. A third rule required the managers to water the coal dust, but only when they detected a dangerous level of gas. Kanawha County coal seams were relatively thick, so men could often stand or just bend slightly, but some coal cutters had to work bent over all day in low coal. After sorting out the slate fragments and loading the car, the miner attached his brass check to the side of the car and pushed it out into the main tunnel, where mules or a small locomotive pulled the load out of the mine to the weigh station and then to the tipple, where the coal would be prepared and funneled into railroad cars. Industrial home work was most common in clothing manufacturing and tobacco industries (rolling cigars, etc.) Source: U.S. Department of Commerce. Describes the labor policy of New Zealand in the 1920's and throughout the rest of the early 20th century. Phone (573) 882-0748. Wages are shown in Japanese yen. Every day his lifes in danger, Shows compensation for individualjudgeson the U.S. Supreme Court, circuit courts and district courts. Miners spent their entire shift underground, taking lunch, drinks, and snacks with them. Shows dollar amount and % of total budget spent on various categories of goods and services, broken out by urban/rural families. The failure of a mine boss to dampen the coal dust was the reason the Red Ash mine blew up in 1905, killing thirteen men and boys on Fire Creek. 2012-08-05 00:38:00. Issues of Telephone engineer & management detail rates for telephone service in many states. Then the men and boys would gather their tools and trudge down the mountainside to their little cabins to wash off the coal dust that smudged their faces, necks, arms, and hands, and to sit down for an evening meal. Frank Keeney wanted to be a first-class tonnage man because he needed to support his widowed mother and two sisters, along with his new wife, a fair teenager named Bessie Meadows, an Eskdale girl who wanted to become a schoolteacher. Source: BLS, The explanation states: "real wage rates have been computed by the Statistical Office on the basis of the official German cost-of-living index. Furniture, bookcases, carpets and rugs, curtains, hanging lamps, lightbulbs, table and floor lamps, clocks. Between 1880 and 1920, southern West Virginias population grew from 93,000 to 446,000, due almost entirely to the coal industry. Working in coal mines is dangerous miners have to deal with toxic . Shows data on the number of nursing school graduates from 1880 to 1929 as well as salary information. Compares wages in common industries such as building, engineering, shipbuilding, textiles, railway, agriculture, printing, and in pottery. Includes clam, lobster, oyster industries and more. Source: BLS. Dining room furniture, silverware, dish sets. Coal mine owners and superintendents rarely went underground. Wages shown in 1930 US dollars. As the men removed one pillar after another, the wooden posts used to support the mine top would be strained as the roof started getting heavy. The wood would then creak and groan and then splinter as the miners heard the roof working above their heads and planned their retreat accordingly. Arthur Lewis. They designed complex ventilation systems with fans and interior doors to keep dangerous gases from causing explosions. Coal powered industrial America. Source: Discusses average prices American families were paying for medical care and hospital trips. In 1925, motor vehicles were scrapped at an average age of 6.5 years. One statute required operators to print maps of their mines, but it excluded any provisions for enforcing this requirement. By 1854, forty-six percent of all American pig iron had been smelted with anthracite coal as a fuel, and by 1860 anthracite's share of pig iron was more than fifty-six . Owners claimed property rights and managerial entitlements over the workplace. Coal companies also recruited in Europe. The 1920 Montgomery Ward mail order catalog showed the price of. (Click image for detail), Marie Concannon, Government Information Librarian This was the world Frank Keeney entered as a boy. Bicycles, binoculars, footballs & basketball supplies, ice skates, athletic gear, boxing, baseball, & tennis supplies, fishing tackle, camping gear, guns. Compares average retail prices for "warehoused" name brand grocery items at independent and chain stores in Cincinnati. Shows the average daily wages of workers in various industries in Riga as well as other parts of Latvia. Prices are shown in German marks. Smoke from explosions of black powder,the reek of oil lamps, and the pervading coal dust made breathable air something of an obsession with the miner, one miner recalled. Prices are shown in Mexican pesos. Still he ventures to be brave. Provides foreign wage data in native currency alongside the U.S. dollar equivalent to assist in comparing the rates. By law, judges earned 1,500 per year. Covers the states of NH, VT, MA, CT, KY, SC, AL, MO, KS, IA and OH. See p. 193 of this. Source: BLS, Shows the annual earnings of manual and nonmanual workers in Sweden. Source: U.S. Bureau of Education. Every workingman was supposed to have his turn when it came to getting an empty coal car, because each collier deserved an equal opportunity to get his load to the weigh station. In the late 1800s mining was rough physical labor. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. By the 1940s, the United Mine Workers union had established better wages and somewhat safer conditions for miners, though a contentious relationship between workers and bosses persisted. A strong, skilled coal loader might fill five or more cars in a day.
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