Ukrainian 15 % spoken, 25 % written Intelligibility problems are mostly on the Czech end because they dont bother to learn Slovak while many Slovaks learn Czech. Polish and Ukrainian have higher lexical similarity at 72%, and Ukrainian intelligibility of Polish is ~50%+. A Slovenian person that has never lived in the east of the country understands only about 60 70 % of the dialect (Prekmurski dialect). Reactions: So far there have been few reactions to the paper. In addition, Bin Laden is a suspect in other terrorist attacks throughout the world. Student Authored Website. The post-1991 reforms of the Ukrainian language were not an introduction of Polish or Western Ukrainian as some Russian nationalists (and non-nationalists, who believe them) claim, but rather a return to a standard adopted in Kharkiv in 1927. General. Ja u raditi, for me, sounds more Croatian and Bosnian or at least archaic, and Serbians from Bosnia and Croatia also speaks in that way. Feb 22, 2020. Even little kids who watch the show understand. Ni Torlak vowel reflexes are otherwise in line with standard Serbian and Northwestern Macedonian, deriving nuclear /u e i e u r/ from / y * *l *r/; some Torlak dialects towards Kosovo or Bulgaria instead have [l ~ l] for /l/ (giving [v()l(:)k] where Serbian normally has [v:k]) but none in my vicinity. In Czech rep. Slovaks dont have to pass any language exams (the other foreigner do have to). Chakavian and Kajkavian have high, but not full mutual intelligibility. Portuguese has varying degrees of mutual intelligibility with Spanish, Galician, French and Italian. Asymmetric intelligibility refers to two languages that are considered partially mutually intelligible, but where one group of speakers has more difficulty understanding the other language than the other way around. As soon as one gets even a very moderate amount of exposure, comprehension improves, even between such geographically distant languages as Polish and Serbian I remember staying in Montenegro and a Pole buying bread and a Montenegrin could still communicate with each other speaking at a slow-enough pace. I will also send you a copy so you can look over the Serbo-Croatian part and tell me if there are any errors. Slovenian while it sounds slavic to me is not intelligible at all save for a few words here and there. Can Ukrainians and Polish understand each other? Hutch Mon May 14, 2007 12:25 am GMT. Some say it is a part of Czech, but more likely it is a part of Polish like Silesian. Far Northeastern Slovak (Saris Slovak) near the Polish border is close to Polish and Ukrainian. How this is measured varies, but mutual intelligibility and vocabulary overlap, and often play a role in these calculations. For true MI testing, we want virgin ears, and it has to be both ways. I am a native Macedonian and I totally dont agree with you. There are some words that we don't understand, but in general, these languages are much closer to each other than the pairs Russian-Ukrainian and Russian-Belarusian. Other then that difference is in grammar and accent. I am not saying this to slam Ukrainians, but just an observation. Most people in the region speak Russian with a few Ukrainian words. It consists of at least four major dialects, Ekavian Chakavian, spoken on the Istrian Peninsula, Ikavian Chakavian, spoken in southwestern Istria, the islands of Bra, Hvar, Vis, Korula, and olta, the Peljeac Peninsula, the Dalmatian coast at Zadar, the outskirts of Split and inland at Gacka, Middle Chakavian, which is Ikavian-Ekavian transitional, and Ijekavian Chakavian, spoken at the far southern end of the Chakavian language area on Lastovo Island, Janjina on the Peljeac Peninsula, and Bigova in the far south near the border with Montenegro. When I was first exposed to spoken BCS, the most significant issue was their prosody, because the vocabulary and the grammar presented very little difficulty for me as a Ukrainian/Russian bilingual. Required fields are marked *. the copula is mostly the same (sm/si/e/smo/ste/su vs. sum/si/e/sme/ste/se) His wife had never been to Poland and her language was completely foreign to me. demonstratives (tk~ovd vs. tuka~ovde, tamo vs. tamu) and some elementary adverbs (sg vs. sega now; jutre vs. utre tomorrow; dns(ke) ~ deneska today, fera vs. vera yesterday) are fairly similar; Ni Torlak uses multiple sets of demonstratives as its 3rd person pronouns (toj/ta/to/ti/te/ta, onj/on/on/on/on/on, ovj/ov/ov/ov/ov/ov, in descending order of frequency) as opposed to Serbians almost exclusive use of on/ona/ono/oni/one/ona and standard Macedonians use of toj/taa/toa/tie Mutual intelligibilityrefers to whether speakers of one language can understand speakers of another language. It is not true that Shtokavian which I speak is not mutually intelligible with Torlakian of southern Serbia. Traditionally, dialects are regional variations of one main language. Its often said that all Slavic languages are mutually intelligible with each other. My gues. Because they use different alphabets, German and Yiddish are only mutually intelligible when spoken. Probably, ja u da radim for Bosnians and Croatians sounds very Serbian. But reading a Bulgarian text is surprisingly easy, because the phonology and vocabulary are very similar. With this, off I go to sleep. ago. [youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-YqET96OO0&fs=1&hl=en_GB]. Belarusian is, in a sense, in between other slavic languages. Mutual intelligibility also occurs in a wide variety of degrees, ranging from none, to partial, to full mutual intelligibility. As an example, in the case of a linear dialect continuum that shades gradually between varieties, where speakers near the center can understand the varieties at both ends with relative ease, but speakers at one end have difficulty understanding the speakers at the other end, the entire chain is often considered a single language. Although different writing systems are used, there are many similarities in the grammar used, such as Russian, Polish, and Ukrainian. Many of our word roots are the same. No, you cannot. Italian is partially mutually intelligible with French, Catalan, Sardinian, Spanish, Ladin and Romanian. It differs from the rest of Silesian in that it has undergone heavy Czech influence. They understand almost nothing. He said if he was there for about a week he could understand probably everything. In other cases, I had to rely on the context. Polish only a few words. For instance, he and she in Standard Macedonia is toj and taa respectively, very close to Bulgarian toy and tya. 60%? Nevertheless, Bulgarian-Russian intelligibility seems much exaggerated. For example, those who learn Ukrainian will eventually know 70% of Polish lexicon and a . This is great. They are essentially the same language and even somebody with virgin ears can understand anybody almost perfectly, as long as he has half a brain. Polish and Ukrainian have higher lexical similarity at 72%, and Ukrainian intelligibility of Polish is ~50%+. Im of the Yugoslav variety by rearing, and a Serb by select bits of culture, by most of my native language and by all of where my tax money goes. And, as it was already sad, all Slovaks understand czeh better than czech slovaks thanks to hostory and politics. Hence, many religious books were imported from Russia, and these books influenced Bulgarian. I think it was mostly due to a learning few high frequency Polish words that are difficult for a Russian native speaker to understand. > Intelligibility problems are mostly on the Czech end, because they dont bother to learn Slovak, while many Slovaks learn Czech. Glad to hear you are steering clear of it. I would say that Macedonian is about 25% intelligible to a Serbian speaker that was never exposed to Macedonian. In my experience, its quite easy. How can you mesure intelligibility by using one single person. One more thing is that Serbian has, for example, two versions of the future case, with da (that) and verb in some person form, 1st in this case: ja u da radim (I will work) and ja u raditi where raditi (to work) is an infinitive. & relat.)) Not everyone within each of the three broad dialect areas speaks Yiddish in the same way -- there are sub-dialects, but they are mutually intelligible. In the Kievan Rus', Russian and Ukrainian were dialects of the same language, meaning that they were largely mutually intelligible with only minor vocabulary or grammatical differences. Polish and Russian while Slavic sounding to my ear and is maybe 5%-15% intelligible . Crazy! Russian influence only ended in 1878. I also have formal training in several Slavic languages, which make most of them, except some of the Balkan ones, pretty much comprehensibe to me. Have every heard of Dubrovnik dialect? Other factors that one has to keep in mind is recent (and not so recent, too) history and its linguistic implications on speakers for instance, Slovaks older that about 20 dont have much trouble understanding Czech because Czech was pretty intrusive if not dominant in official and intercommunal use in Czechoslovakia until its collapse. There is . I see your point, and I agree: there must be a difference in method when determining linguistic intelligibility based on different populations. However, you do say later in the text that Its vocabulary and grammar has enough similarities for Poles, Ukrainians and Belarusians to understand each other well, whereas Russians understand only will recognise separate words. Ukrainian language, formerly called Ruthenian or Little Russian (now considered pejorative), Ukrainian Ukrans'ka mova, East Slavic language spoken in Ukraine and in Ukrainian communities in Kazakhstan, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Lithuania, and Slovakia and by smaller numbers elsewhere. Polish and Ukrainian mutual intelligibility question. between Ni Torlak and Macedonian than between either of those two and Serbian . I am a good control for this because I am an American but my father is Slovak(my mother is half Slovak but American) and I can understand about 50 % of Slovak and I do have a hard time with Czech but once I get past their hacek r I can understand quite a bit. This gives rise to claims of Macedonians being able to understand Serbo-Croatian very well, however, much of this may be due to bilingual learning. Saris Slovak has high but not complete intelligibility of Polish, possibly 85%. It is not true at all that Ukrainian and Russian are mutually intelligible, as Russian only has 50% intelligibility of Ukrainian. Belarusian is closer to Polish and Ukrainian than Russian. Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). Lets say a young Czech goes to Slovakia without prior exposure to Slovak. I once had a conversation with a young woman from the Czech Republic. Ukrainians and Belarusians understand each other's languages with no problem. Western Slovak speakers say Eastern Slovak sounds idiotic and ridiculous, and some words are different, but other than that, they can basically understand it. The Macedonian spoken near the Serbian border is heavily influenced by Serbo-Croatian and is quite a bit different from the Macedonian spoken towards the center of Macedonia. A Serb gave me this information. Toj e oficialnijat ezik na Republika Balgarija i edin iz 23-te oficialni ezika na Evropejskija sajuz. Salute from Czech republic. Thank you very much for this. Was he educated? In fact, people in the north of Poland regard Silesian as incomprehensible. I would like to know if anyone could confirm that you could indeed . I also run a YouTube channel where I try to put the differences within the Croatias borders online since many whove seen them were surprised (or shocked). akavian differs from the other nearby Slavic lects spoken in the country due to the presence of many Italian words. Anti-Ethnic Sentiments Also I have a long article coming up as a chapter in a peer reviewed book being published out of Turkey. Spanish is most mutually intelligible with Galician. Just one example: the letter g was eliminated in order to make the Ukrainian h correspond exactly with Russian g. Tradues em contexto de "mutuamente compreensvel" en portugus-ingls da Reverso Context : Os membros da equipa de verificao da Comisso podem comunicar com as autoridades e com o pessoal do operador da instalao numa lngua comum e mutuamente compreensvel. In fact, I cannot often identify any words at all. Sorry for so much criticism it is just my Czech/Moravian opinion on the subject. I put it to Google translator and I got this: I can understand quite a bit of basic polish when it is spoken on the street, but their pronunciation is so weird its hard to notice sometimes. Is the virgin Intelligibility important? Only nationalists and fanatics disagree. People who live in border regions have an advantage of speaking two languages and can easily comprehand other ones as well. It is estimated that there is 89% lexical similarity with French, 87% similarity with Catalan (spoken in Southern Spain), 85% with Sardinian, 82% with Spanish, 78% with Ladin (spoken in Northern Italy) and 77% with Romanian. Ni Torlak has six vowels the standard /a e i o u/ and a reduced schwa // thats found where a strong yer once used to be, as in
dog and sadness (this vowel has merged with /a/ in Serbian, but the two yers were kept as separate reflexes /e o/ (merging with those full vowels) in Macedonian) with phonemic and morpho-lexical stress that has plenty of grammatically conditioned shifts. Slovenians have a very hard time understanding Poles and Czechs and vice versa. Lemko is spoken heavily in Poland, and it differs from Standard Rusyn in that it has a lot of Polish vocabulary, whereas Standard Rusyn has more influences from Hungarian and Romanian. Czechs say Lach is a part of Czech, and Poles say Lach is a part of Polish. You are probably talking about the study Mutual intelligibility between West and South Slavic languages? It features phonemic vowel length that came about as a coalescence of a vowel with a following /v/ (usually one /v x j/ in Serbian, the distribution is opaque and unpredictable) or the contraction of the sequence /ij/ into /i:/ this feature is shared with plenty of Macedonian dialects, as far as I remember but has traditional, harder Serbian alveopalatals and palatals, having [t d t d] for Macedonian [t d c() ()] (treating these as allophones as they seem to be the same four phonemes). It is commonly believed that all Slavic languages are fully mutually intelligible, which implies that they are close Vitebsk State University. If speakers of one language have more exposure to its related language, theyre likely to pick up more of that language. Problem is the spoken form, as Bulgarians dont speak as it is written, which is the case with serbian or croatian. 1. The Torlakian spoken in the southeast is different. Kajkavian is fairly uniform across its speech area, whereas Chakavian is more diverse (Jembrigh 2014). For instance, akavian Croatian is not intelligible with Standard Croatian. The unintelligibility is only due to the manner of speaking and not because of lexical and/or grammatical differences. Hello Mr Lindsay, This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you 5%? For Kai-Cha it was less shocking as many words were taught by their parents (or they remembered them from childhood, before the school system forces you to use only the Std Cro). Since then, Slovak has been disappearing from the Czech Republic, so the younger people dont understand Slovak so well. Kashubian itself is a macrolanguage made up of two different languages, South Kashubian and North Kashubian, as the two have difficult intelligibility. Its vocabulary has lots of common words with all of Russian, Ukrainian, and Polish, so it's sort of mutually intelligible with all of them. Croatian linguist. Recently a Croatian linguist forwarded a proposal to formally recognize Chakavian as a separate language, but the famous Croatian Slavicist Radoslav Katii argued with him about this and rejected the proposal on political, not linguistic grounds. Slovak has 91% intelligibility of Czech. WORD. The Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family is known for its languages being relatively closely related. The biggest Slavic language by far is Russian, which has 154 million native speakers and over 258 million speakers in total. If you choose to study a language thats mutually intelligible with one you already know, chances are youll have to put a lot less work in than if you were learning a language from scratch. If you choose to learn a language which is at least to some extent mutually intelligible to a language you already know . On the other side, i.e. From some reason, the Hutsul, Lemko, andBoiko dialects of the Rusyn language are much more comprehensible to Russians than Standard Ukrainian is. If you're a foreign student, studying russian, it's unlikely you'd be able to understand Ukrainian at all. In fact, I would probably have a hard time to understand a Czech speaking with such an intonation. Hutsul, Lemko, Boiko speech (small Ukrainian/Rusyn dialects) stangely enough, more comprehensible than standard Ukrainian. Many Poles insist that Silesian is a Polish dialect, but this is based more on politics than reality. Russian is also 85% mutually intelligible with Belarusian and Ukrainian in writing. For example, British Sign Language (BSL) and American Sign Language (ASL) are quite different and mutually unintelligible, even though the hearing people of the United Kingdom and the United States share the same spoken language. In addition, the Slobozhan dialects of Ukrainian and Russian such as (Slobozhan Ukrainian and Slobozhan Russian) spoken in Kantemirov (Voronezhskaya Oblast, Russia), and Kuban Russian or Balachka spoken in the Kuban area right over the eastern border of Ukraine are very close to each other. Serbia is large and you should also ask Serbians in other regions. Pei Mario (1949). BULGARIAN (transferred to the Latin script): algarskijat ezik e indoevropejski ezik ot grupata na junoslavjanskite ezici. | Animals | Slavic Languages Comparison The Best Online German Learning Resources Ukrainian phrases Ukrainian Phrasebook And Dictionary Paperback Lonely Planet: The world's leading travel guide publisher. Most Croatian linguists recognized Kajkavian as a separate language. Slobozhan Ukrainian speakers in this region find it easier to understand their Russian neighbors than the Upper DnistrianUkrainian spoken in the far west in the countryside around Lviv. I guess this would not have worked for Macedonian and Slovene in the Yugoslav army. FluentU brings a language to life with real-world videos. The claim for separate languages is based more on politics than on linguistic science. Croats say Macedonian is a complete mystery to them. Is Ukrainian more like . The fact that such process works is almost a definition of mutual intelligibility for me.
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